High-school/pre-med-level questions on nephron anatomy, transport mechanisms, SGLT, glucose handling, medullary gradients and urine concentration.
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src="https://entermedschool.org/embed/questions#{"title":"Nephron Structure & Basic Renal Physiology","questions":[{"prompt":"The nephron is best defined as:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"The whole kidney including its blood vessels","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"The microscopic functional unit of the kidney that forms urine","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Only the glomerulus without tubules","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"The blood supply of the kidney","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"The capsule surrounding the kidney","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Each kidney contains about a million nephrons; each nephron filters blood and modifies the filtrate to produce urine."},{"prompt":"Which sequence correctly lists the parts of a nephron in the order that filtrate/urine flows through them?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Bowman's capsule → distal convoluted tubule → loop of Henle → proximal convoluted tubule → collecting duct","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Glomerulus → Bowman's capsule → proximal convoluted tubule → loop of Henle → distal convoluted tubule → collecting duct","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Afferent arteriole → collecting duct → glomerulus → proximal tubule → loop of Henle","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Collecting duct → loop of Henle → proximal tubule → glomerulus → Bowman's capsule","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Glomerulus → loop of Henle → proximal tubule → distal tubule → Bowman's capsule","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Filtrate forms in Bowman's capsule around the glomerulus and then flows PCT → loop of Henle → DCT → collecting duct."},{"prompt":"The main process occurring at the glomerulus/Bowman's capsule is:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Selective secretion of waste into the tubule","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Bulk filtration of plasma to form an ultrafiltrate","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Fine-tuning of water reabsorption under ADH","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Active transport of glucose into the blood","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Production of erythropoietin","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"At the glomerulus, blood plasma (minus cells and large proteins) is filtered under pressure into Bowman's capsule to form the initial filtrate."},{"prompt":"Which substance is normally present in blood plasma but almost completely ABSENT from the initial glomerular filtrate in a healthy person?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Na+ ions","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Glucose","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Large plasma proteins such as albumin","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"Urea","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Cl− ions","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"The filtration barrier prevents cells and most large proteins from entering the filtrate, but small solutes (Na+, glucose, urea) are freely filtered."},{"prompt":"Which combination best describes the normal composition of fluid in Bowman's capsule COMPARED with plasma?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Same as plasma including cells and proteins","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Similar to plasma but lacking cells and most large proteins","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Only water with no solutes","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Contains only waste products like urea, no useful substances","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Contains only proteins and no ions","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Filtrate is essentially plasma minus cells and most proteins; it still contains ions, glucose and other small molecules."},{"prompt":"Which vessels bring blood TO and FROM the glomerulus respectively?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Efferent arteriole → afferent arteriole","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Renal vein → renal artery","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Afferent arteriole → efferent arteriole","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"Peritubular capillary → vasa recta","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Bowman's capsule → collecting duct","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"The afferent arteriole supplies blood to the glomerular capillaries; the efferent arteriole drains them."},{"prompt":"Which region of the nephron reabsorbs the LARGEST fraction of the filtered water, Na+, and glucose under normal conditions?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Bowman's capsule","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Loop of Henle","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Collecting duct","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"The PCT is the 'bulk reabsorption' site, reclaiming most filtered water, Na+, and nearly all filtered glucose and amino acids."},{"prompt":"Which statement about fluid leaving the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is MOST accurate?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"It is usually more concentrated (hypertonic) than plasma","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"It is usually more dilute (hypotonic) than plasma","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Its osmolarity is similar to plasma, because water and solutes are reabsorbed together (iso-osmotic reabsorption)","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"It contains no Na+ at all","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"It no longer contains any urea","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"The PCT reabsorbs water and solutes in roughly equal proportions, so the filtrate remains approximately isotonic to plasma."},{"prompt":"Glucose reabsorption from the filtrate in the proximal tubule primarily occurs by:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Simple diffusion directly through the lipid bilayer","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Primary active transport directly using ATP on the luminal membrane","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Secondary active cotransport with Na+ via SGLT (sodium–glucose transporters)","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"Endocytosis of whole glucose molecules","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Filtration only, with no reabsorption","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"SGLT proteins on the luminal side use the Na+ gradient (created by Na+/K+ pumps on the basolateral side) to bring glucose into the cell against its gradient."},{"prompt":"After glucose enters the proximal tubule cell via SGLT, how does it usually exit the cell into the peritubular capillary blood?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Via a Na+/glucose symporter on the basolateral membrane","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Via facilitated diffusion through GLUT transporters on the basolateral membrane","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Via simple diffusion across the lipid bilayer","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"By exocytosis in vesicles","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"It is not transported; it accumulates in the tubular cell","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Once inside the cell, glucose leaves down its concentration gradient via GLUT (facilitated diffusion) into the interstitial fluid and then blood."},{"prompt":"In a healthy person, why is there normally NO glucose in the urine?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Glucose is not filtered at the glomerulus","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Glucose is filtered but completely reabsorbed in the proximal tubule below its transport maximum (Tm)","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Glucose is destroyed in the kidney","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Glucose is secreted back into the blood in the collecting duct","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Glucose is too large to pass through any membrane transporters","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Glucose is freely filtered but under normal plasma levels the SGLT transporters in the PCT reabsorb essentially all of it."},{"prompt":"In uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, glucose appears in the urine mainly because:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"The glomerular filter becomes leaky to glucose","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Plasma glucose is so high that filtered load exceeds the transport maximum (Tm) of SGLT transporters","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"The kidneys stop filtering glucose","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"The collecting duct secretes glucose into the urine","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Glucose channels open only in the presence of insulin","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"When plasma glucose is very high, the PCT transporters are saturated; extra glucose cannot be reabsorbed and is excreted (glycosuria)."},{"prompt":"Which best describes the DIFFERENCE between tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Reabsorption moves substances from blood into filtrate; secretion moves substances from filtrate into blood","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Reabsorption moves substances from filtrate into blood; secretion moves substances from blood into filtrate","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Reabsorption occurs only in the PCT; secretion only in the glomerulus","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"They are identical processes with different names","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Reabsorption applies only to water; secretion only to ions","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Reabsorption recovers useful substances back into the blood; secretion actively adds additional substances (like drugs, H+, K+) from blood into the tubular fluid."},{"prompt":"Which relationship between filtration (F), reabsorption (R), secretion (S), and excretion (E) of a substance is correct?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"E = F + R − S","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"E = F − R + S","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"E = R − F + S","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"E = F − S − R","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"E = F + R + S","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"What ends up in the urine (E) is what was filtered minus what was reabsorbed plus anything additionally secreted into the tubule."},{"prompt":"A substance is freely filtered and not reabsorbed or secreted anywhere in the nephron. How does its amount excreted in urine compare with the amount filtered?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Excreted amount is zero","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Excreted amount is less than filtered","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Excreted amount equals the filtered amount","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"Excreted amount is greater than filtered","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Excreted amount depends only on secretion","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"If there is no reabsorption or secretion, all filtered substance ends up being excreted: E = F."},{"prompt":"Which segment of the nephron descends into the medulla, is highly permeable to water, but has low permeability to NaCl?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Proximal convoluted tubule","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Descending limb of the loop of Henle","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Distal convoluted tubule","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Collecting duct","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"The descending limb allows water to leave into the increasingly salty medulla, concentrating the tubular fluid."},{"prompt":"Which segment is often called the 'diluting segment' because it reabsorbs NaCl but is essentially impermeable to water?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Proximal convoluted tubule","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Descending limb of the loop of Henle","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"Early distal convoluted tubule","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Collecting duct","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"The thick ascending limb pumps NaCl out but does not allow water to follow, so the tubular fluid becomes more dilute."},{"prompt":"The medullary osmotic gradient (increasing osmolarity from cortex to inner medulla) is mainly generated by:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Active water pumping in the collecting duct","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"NaCl reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and urea recycling","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Glucose secretion in the proximal tubule","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Protein filtration in Bowman's capsule","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Bulk flow of blood through afferent arterioles","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Active transport of NaCl out of the ascending limb and recycling of urea into the medulla create a high solute concentration deep in the medulla."},{"prompt":"The ability of the kidney to produce CONCENTRATED urine (small volume, high osmolarity) depends most directly on:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"The presence of long juxtamedullary nephrons and a medullary osmotic gradient","isCorrect":true},{"label":"B","body":"The absence of any gradient in the medulla","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Complete impermeability of collecting ducts to water","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"The lack of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Only cortical nephrons with very short loops of Henle","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Juxtamedullary nephrons with long loops help create the medullary gradient needed for water reabsorption in the presence of ADH."},{"prompt":"Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) mainly increases water reabsorption by:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Making the proximal tubule more permeable to water","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Increasing water permeability of the late distal tubule and collecting duct via insertion of aquaporins","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Blocking Na+ reabsorption in the thick ascending limb","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Raising glomerular filtration rate","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Reducing medullary osmolarity","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"ADH causes collecting duct cells to insert water channels (aquaporins) into their luminal membranes, allowing water to leave the tubule into the hyperosmotic medulla."}]}"
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