High‑school/Pre-med/IB questions on hemoglobin structure, oxygen binding cooperativity, Bohr shift (CO₂/pH effects), alkalosis/acidosis, fetal hemoglobin, and sickle cell basics.
Which statement about ADULT human hemoglobin (HbA) is correct?
Source: entermedschool.org
<!-- Hemoglobin Physiology: Bohr Shift, pH, Cooperativity & Sickle Cell — EnterMedSchool -->
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src="https://entermedschool.org/embed/questions#{"title":"Hemoglobin Physiology: Bohr Shift, pH, Cooperativity & Sickle Cell","questions":[{"prompt":"Which statement about ADULT human hemoglobin (HbA) is correct?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"HbA is a monomer with one heme group, similar to myoglobin.","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"HbA is a tetramer (α2β2) with four heme groups, each able to bind one O₂.","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"HbA is made of four identical α subunits only.","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"HbA binds oxygen only after being transported into mitochondria.","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"HbA binds oxygen covalently and cannot release it in tissues.","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Adult hemoglobin (HbA) is a tetramer with two α and two β chains. Each subunit contains a heme group that can bind one O₂ reversibly. Myoglobin is a monomer; oxygen binding is not covalent and does not require mitochondria."},{"prompt":"A single hemoglobin molecule can carry a maximum of how many oxygen molecules?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"1","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"2","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"3","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"4","isCorrect":true},{"label":"E","body":"8","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Hemoglobin has four heme groups (one per subunit). Each heme binds one O₂, so the maximum is 4 O₂ per hemoglobin molecule."},{"prompt":"Oxygen binds to iron in heme when the iron is in which oxidation state?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Fe³⁺ only","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Fe²⁺ (ferrous)","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Fe⁰ (metallic iron)","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Any oxidation state equally","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Iron is not involved in oxygen binding","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"O₂ binds reversibly to Fe²⁺ in the heme group. Fe³⁺ (methemoglobin) cannot bind O₂ effectively, so it is not the normal oxygen-carrying form."},{"prompt":"The oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve is sigmoidal (S‑shaped) primarily because hemoglobin shows:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Simple diffusion of O₂ through the membrane","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Cooperative binding: binding of one O₂ increases affinity for the next O₂","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"ATP production by red blood cells","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"O₂ binding only in the lungs and never in tissues","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Irreversible binding of O₂ to heme","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Cooperativity means each O₂ bound makes the next binding easier, producing an S‑shaped curve. If binding were non‑cooperative, the curve would be more hyperbolic (like myoglobin)."},{"prompt":"Which statement best describes cooperative binding in hemoglobin?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Hemoglobin binds four O₂ molecules at exactly the same strength, regardless of how many are already bound.","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Binding of the first O₂ decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for the remaining O₂ molecules.","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Binding of one O₂ increases hemoglobin's affinity for additional O₂ molecules.","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"Only myoglobin shows cooperativity; hemoglobin does not.","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Cooperativity means hemoglobin binds CO₂ more strongly than O₂.","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Cooperativity in hemoglobin is positive: the first O₂ binding promotes a conformational change that increases affinity at the other sites. It is not about CO₂ binding and does not occur in myoglobin."},{"prompt":"Compared with hemoglobin, myoglobin is BEST described as:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"A tetramer with a sigmoidal binding curve","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"A monomer with a hyperbolic binding curve and generally higher O₂ affinity","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"A monomer that shows strong cooperativity","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"A protein that carries oxygen only in the blood plasma","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"A protein found only in red blood cells","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Myoglobin is a single polypeptide (monomer) in muscle, with one heme and no cooperativity, giving a hyperbolic curve and higher O₂ affinity—useful for O₂ storage in muscle."},{"prompt":"The Bohr effect (Bohr shift) refers to the phenomenon that increasing CO₂ or H⁺ (lower pH) causes hemoglobin to:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Bind O₂ more tightly (left shift)","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Bind O₂ less tightly (right shift), promoting O₂ release in tissues","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Carry more O₂ by increasing the number of heme groups","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Stop binding CO₂ entirely","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Become unable to bind any gases","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Higher CO₂ and lower pH (more H⁺) decrease hemoglobin's O₂ affinity (right shift), making O₂ unloading easier in active tissues that produce CO₂ and acid."},{"prompt":"A RIGHT shift of the oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve means that at a given partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂), hemoglobin will have:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Higher saturation (more O₂ bound)","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Lower saturation (less O₂ bound)","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Exactly the same saturation, but faster diffusion","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"No binding to O₂ at all","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Higher affinity and stronger binding","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"A right shift indicates decreased affinity. Therefore, at the same pO₂, hemoglobin is less saturated and more willing to release oxygen."},{"prompt":"A LEFT shift of the oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve most directly indicates:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Decreased O₂ affinity and easier unloading","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Increased O₂ affinity and harder unloading in tissues","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"No change in affinity, only change in hemoglobin amount","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Less cooperativity","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"More oxygen binding sites per hemoglobin molecule","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"A left shift means hemoglobin binds O₂ more tightly (higher affinity). This helps loading in lungs but can make unloading in tissues harder."},{"prompt":"During intense exercise in muscle, CO₂ production increases and pH may decrease (lactic acid). What is the expected effect on hemoglobin's O₂ affinity in that muscle?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Affinity increases; O₂ unloading decreases (left shift)","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Affinity decreases; O₂ unloading increases (right shift)","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Affinity becomes zero; no O₂ can bind anywhere","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Hemoglobin becomes identical to myoglobin","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"There is no effect of pH on oxygen binding","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Exercise increases CO₂ and H⁺, producing a Bohr right shift. That lowers affinity and helps deliver more O₂ to hard‑working muscle."},{"prompt":"Which situation most likely causes a LEFT shift of the oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Increased CO₂ in tissues","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Decreased pH (acidosis)","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Increased body temperature","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Decreased CO₂ and increased pH (alkalosis)","isCorrect":true},{"label":"E","body":"Increased 2,3‑BPG in red blood cells","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Lower CO₂ and higher pH (more alkaline) increase hemoglobin's O₂ affinity (left shift). The other options generally decrease affinity (right shift)."},{"prompt":"A patient is hyperventilating due to anxiety. Their blood CO₂ falls and blood pH rises (respiratory alkalosis). What is the most likely effect on O₂ delivery to tissues?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Improved O₂ unloading because the curve shifts right","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Reduced O₂ unloading because the curve shifts left","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"No change because pH never affects hemoglobin","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Hemoglobin releases all its oxygen immediately","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Hemoglobin can bind only 2 O₂ molecules in alkalosis","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Hyperventilation lowers CO₂ and raises pH, causing a left shift (higher affinity). This can make unloading O₂ in tissues harder, potentially contributing to dizziness."},{"prompt":"Which statement about fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is correct?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"HbF has lower O₂ affinity than adult hemoglobin, helping it release O₂ to the fetus.","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"HbF has higher O₂ affinity than adult hemoglobin, helping it take O₂ from maternal blood.","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"HbF contains no heme groups.","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"HbF is a single-chain protein like myoglobin.","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"HbF cannot bind oxygen until after birth.","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Fetal hemoglobin binds oxygen more strongly (left‑shifted curve), which supports O₂ transfer from maternal to fetal blood across the placenta. HbF still contains heme and is not a monomer."},{"prompt":"Which subunit composition is correct for normal ADULT hemoglobin (HbA) and FETAL hemoglobin (HbF)?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"HbA = α2γ2; HbF = α2β2","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"HbA = α2β2; HbF = α2γ2","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"HbA = β4; HbF = α4","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"HbA = α2δ2 only; HbF = α2β2","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"HbA = α1β1; HbF = α1γ1","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"The standard adult hemoglobin is HbA (α2β2). Fetal hemoglobin is HbF (α2γ2). The other subunit combinations are incorrect for normal HbA/HbF at this level."},{"prompt":"The term P50 (in hemoglobin physiology) refers to:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"The pO₂ at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated","isCorrect":true},{"label":"B","body":"The pH at which hemoglobin releases 50% of its oxygen","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"The percent of oxygen in the atmosphere at sea level","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"The number of amino acids in a hemoglobin subunit","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"The pressure of CO₂ in venous blood","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"P50 is the partial pressure of oxygen at which hemoglobin is half‑saturated. It is a useful measure of hemoglobin's oxygen affinity."},{"prompt":"If the oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve shifts RIGHT, what happens to P50?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"P50 decreases","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"P50 increases","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"P50 becomes zero","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"P50 has no relationship to curve shifts","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"P50 changes only with hemoglobin concentration, not affinity","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"A right shift means lower affinity, so a higher pO₂ is required to reach 50% saturation—therefore P50 increases. A left shift would decrease P50."},{"prompt":"Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning reduces oxygen delivery to tissues mainly because CO:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Destroys red blood cells immediately","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Binds hemoglobin strongly and also makes remaining sites hold O₂ more tightly (left shift)","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"Increases 2,3‑BPG binding and shifts the curve right","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Turns hemoglobin into myoglobin","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Replaces iron with calcium in heme","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"CO binds hemoglobin with very high affinity, blocking O₂ binding sites. It also increases the O₂ affinity of remaining sites (left shift), making O₂ unloading to tissues even harder. It does not immediately destroy RBCs or replace iron with calcium."},{"prompt":"A patient has anemia (low hemoglobin concentration). Which statement is MOST accurate about their arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) vs oxygen content?","options":[{"label":"A","body":"SaO₂ must be low, and oxygen content must be normal","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"SaO₂ can be normal, but oxygen content can be low because there is less hemoglobin to carry O₂","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"SaO₂ and oxygen content are always identical measurements","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Oxygen content increases because each hemoglobin binds extra O₂","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Anemia has no effect on oxygen delivery because dissolved O₂ is enough","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Saturation measures the percent of hemoglobin binding sites occupied, which can be normal even if hemoglobin quantity is low. Oxygen content depends strongly on hemoglobin concentration, so it can be reduced in anemia."},{"prompt":"Most oxygen in blood is transported:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"Dissolved in plasma","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Bound reversibly to hemoglobin in red blood cells","isCorrect":true},{"label":"C","body":"As bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)","isCorrect":false},{"label":"D","body":"Bound to albumin","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"In the form of glucose","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"The vast majority of O₂ is carried by hemoglobin. Only a small fraction is dissolved in plasma. Bicarbonate transport is mainly for CO₂, not O₂."},{"prompt":"Most carbon dioxide (CO₂) in blood is transported to the lungs mainly as:","options":[{"label":"A","body":"CO₂ dissolved directly in plasma","isCorrect":false},{"label":"B","body":"Carbon monoxide (CO)","isCorrect":false},{"label":"C","body":"Bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻)","isCorrect":true},{"label":"D","body":"Oxygen bound to hemoglobin","isCorrect":false},{"label":"E","body":"Glucose bound to albumin","isCorrect":false}],"explanation":"Most CO₂ is converted to bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) in red blood cells and carried in plasma. Only smaller amounts are dissolved as CO₂ or bound to hemoglobin (carbaminohemoglobin)."}]}"
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