Membrane structure and transport
Pre-med style questions on membrane structure, fluid mosaic model, diffusion, osmosis, active transport, and vesicular transport
Comprehensive Pre-med style questions on gradients, osmotic and oncotic pressure, Starling forces, and physiological examples (edema, capillaries, IV fluids).
High school / pre-med / IB-style questions on membrane receptor types (GPCRs, ion channels, RTKs, intracellular receptors) with a focus on GPCR logic: why cells need membrane receptors, why cascades and amplification exist, second messengers (cAMP, IP3/DAG, Ca2+), and how signals are turned off (desensitization, GTP hydrolysis, PDE).
Pre-med/IB-style questions on lipid types (fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids), amphipathic behavior, membrane fluidity/permeability, lipid asymmetry and signaling, and classic conceptual traps (cis vs trans, cholesterol effects, detergents).