26 terms in cardiology
Localized dilatation or ballooning of an artery due to a weakened vessel wall (e.g., from elastin fiber loss and chronic wall stress). A tru…
Tear in the aortic intimal layer allowing blood to split the wall layers (forming a false lumen); classically causes abrupt, severe 'tearing…
Narrowing of the aortic valve opening that obstructs left ventricular outflow, most often due to age-related calcific degeneration of a norm…
A supraventricular tachyarrhythmia caused by chaotic atrial electrical activity leading to ineffective atrial contraction and an irregularly…
Inherited arrhythmia syndrome (sodium channelopathy) featuring a characteristic coved ST-segment elevation in V1–V3 (Brugada pattern) with r…
Clinical syndrome of the heart's inability to pump blood effectively, leading to inadequate perfusion and congestion of tissues; can be left…
Atherosclerotic narrowing of coronary arteries reduces blood flow to heart muscle (myocardial ischemia); umbrella term covering chronic stab…
The Corrected QT Interval (QTc) adjusts the measured QT interval for heart rate, allowing comparison across different heart rates. A prolong…
Disease of the heart muscle characterized by dilated ventricular chambers and systolic dysfunction (reduced contractility with LVEF <40%). L…
Long-standing unrepaired left-to-right cardiac shunt that leads to severe pulmonary hypertension and eventual shunt reversal (becoming right…
Infection of the heart's inner lining (endocardium), usually involving the valves, forming vegetations of microorganisms and fibrin. May pre…
Clinical syndrome of the heart's inability to pump sufficient blood (or only able to do so at elevated filling pressures) due to structural …
Cardiac changes caused by chronic high blood pressure, primarily pressure-overload–induced concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) lea…
Genetic cardiomyopathy (usually autosomal dominant) characterized by unexplained left‑ventricular hypertrophy (often asymmetric septal) that…
Acute vasculitis of childhood (usually <5 years) involving medium-sized arteries (especially coronary arteries), marked by ≥5 days of fever …
Atherosclerotic occlusion at the aortic bifurcation (distal aorta or common iliac arteries) causing the classic triad of buttock claudicatio…
Disorder of ventricular repolarization (congenital or acquired) causing a prolonged QT interval on ECG (usually QTc >450 ms) and risk of syn…
Bulging (prolapse) of one or both mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during systole, due to degeneration of valve tissue (myxomatous…
Necrosis of heart muscle due to prolonged ischemia from an acute loss of coronary blood flow (usually plaque rupture with thrombosis). A typ…
Inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium) that injures cardiac myocytes; most often triggered by a viral infection.
Atherosclerotic narrowing of peripheral arteries (usually legs) causing reduced blood flow and ischemic pain; diagnosed by an ankle‑brachial…
Episodes of chest pain (angina) caused by transient coronary vasospasm, typically occurring at rest (often at night) and often associated wi…
Chest discomfort (or anginal equivalent like dyspnea) from transient myocardial ischemia due to a fixed atherosclerotic coronary narrowing. …
Conotruncal heart defect with four anomalies: VSD, subpulmonic pulmonary stenosis (RV outflow obstruction), overriding aorta, and right vent…
An acute coronary syndrome marked by new or worsening chest pain (angina) at rest or with minimal exertion due to myocardial ischemia withou…
Cardiac preexcitation syndrome caused by an accessory atrioventricular pathway (Bundle of Kent) that bypasses the AV node; characterized by …